1. For gross pay from net pay, guess and adjust the gross figure until the target net pay is reached.
2. Directors' NIC uses Month 1 basis, varying from payslip if cumulative.
3. Designed for standard NIC category A, ages 16 to retirement.
4. Limited to £100,000 annual salary; excess understates PAYE.
5. Assumes contributions from net pay; salary sacrifice affects accuracy.

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